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Chronic fatigue syndrome

Published on July 10, 2025 at 4:00 / Updated on July 24, 2025 at 8:01

Chronic fatigue syndrome, also called myalgic encephalomyelitis, is characterized by extreme fatigue that does not go away with rest.

Causes

The causes of this syndrome remain unknown, but several hypotheses have been evaluated. The onset of symptoms is thought to be sometimes triggered by a viral infection that prompts an abnormal reaction of the immune system.

This disease can affect people at any age, but most often affects middle-aged people. It is also more common in women than in men.

Symptoms

Those with chronic fatigue syndrome feel so tired that it interferes with their daily activities. The fatigue can begin abruptly and without precise cause. It is not relieved by rest and lasts for more than 6 months. Symptoms other than fatigue may also be present:

  • Anxiety and irritability
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • Dizziness
  • Post-exertional malaise (physical, mental or emotional)
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Appetite and weight change
  • Memory and concentration problems
  • New sensitivities to foods and chemicals
  • Sensitivity to noise, smells and visual stimuli
  • Sleep disturbance

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome frequently complain of psychological symptoms in addition to their physical symptoms. They often experience a great deal of frustration since the illness is often misunderstood and they are forced to cope with the stigma attached to chronic fatigue syndrome. It is also important to consider the effect that fatigue can have on a person's autonomy. The fatigue associated with this illness can be so overwhelming that some patients have difficulty fulfilling their family and professional obligations.

Treatment

First, it is very important not to isolate oneself and maintain an active social life. Then, treatment consists of relieving the most troublesome symptoms first. Lifestyle changes can help, such as:

  • Planning your daily activities
  • Avoiding excessive physical activity and major sources of stress
  • Adopting good sleep habits
  • Avoiding irritating substances (e.g., chemicals, certain foods)

Some people experience what is called orthostatic intolerance. This condition can cause dizziness when in an upright position, whether sitting or standing. Wearing compression stockings may be recommended in such cases.

Finally, medication can also be prescribed to relieve certain symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety or pain.

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