Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer occurs in the large intestine, which is the last part of the digestive system. The large intestine consists of the colon and rectum. This type of cancer develops slowly and can be successfully treated if diagnosed early.
Causes
Certain factors increasing the risk of developing colorectal cancer cannot be modified, such as:
- Advanced age (50 years and older)
- The presence of polyps (growths in the mucous membrane)
- A personal or first-degree family history of colorectal cancer
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Certain hereditary syndromes
Other risk factors are related to lifestyle habits or situations that can be modified or controlled, such as:
- A diet high red or processed meats (cold cuts, sausages, etc.) and low in fibre (grains, fruits and vegetables)
- Alcohol consumption
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Smoking
- Overweight
- Diabetes
Symptoms
In its early stages, colorectal cancer often has no symptoms. Some individuals may experience the following symptoms:
- Blood in the stool
- Changes in bowel habits (shape, frequency)
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Digestive discomfort
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Vomiting
Treatment
Depending on the size and location of the tumour, there are several treatment options. They can be used alone or in combination:
- Pharmacological treatments
- Radiation therapy
- Surgery
Prevention
Colorectal screening is the best way to reduce mortality associated with this type of cancer, because if it is detected early, the chances of a cure are much higher. Several methods are available, ranging from a test that detects the presence of blood in the stool to a procedure that requires a physician's intervention, such as a colonoscopy (a flexible instrument is inserted through the anus to view the inside of the colon).
The age at which you start screening, how often you're screened, and which method is used may vary from person to person, depending on individual risk factors and preferences. Your health care provider can advise you on the best approach for you.