Epicondylitis

Epicondylitis is inflammation of an epicondyle or its surrounding tissues. An epicondyle is the small bony bump on the outer side of the elbow where several forearm muscles attach.

Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as "tennis elbow", is an inflammation of the muscles or tendons that attach the forearm muscles to the outside of the elbow. Medial epicondylitis, or "golfer's elbow", affects the inside of the forearm.

Causes and triggers

Contrary to what these terms might suggest, most cases of epicondylitis are not caused by playing tennis or golf - although these sports may be partially responsible sometimes.

Repetitive movement, whether performed as part of household chores, professional or sporting activities, is the main cause of epicondylitis. These are usually movements that involve the forearms and wrists (e.g., twisting, gripping, extending, or moving the arm). Excessive strain over a short period can also be the cause. Sometimes, there is no explanation for the pain.

Symptoms

Epicondylitis is characterized by localized elbow pain. If the cause is not corrected, the pain can spread to the forearm and the wrist. The pain is particularly severe when performing certain movements, including:

• Bending the wrist inward while the elbow is extended
• Picking up or lifting an object
• Turning a doorknob
• Shaking hands

People with epicondylitis may experience pain simply when touching the inflamed area, flexing the elbow or even at rest. Generally speaking, there is no visible redness or inflammation.

Treatment

Rest is prescribed as the first treatment for epicondylitis. Avoiding the movements that caused the pain is the first step towards recovery. Changing the movements responsible for the epicondylitis, whether in the workplace or on the playing field, will help prevent further inflammation. Wearing a compression bandage or a brace may help relieve pain temporarily.

To reduce inflammation, applying cold packs is recommended, about 15 minutes, 3 to 4 times a day. A physiotherapist can teach you specific exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles and tendons. If not sufficient, your health care provider may recommend some medications. Surgery can be considered if symptoms persist after 6 to 12 months.