Esophagitis

Esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach). If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications.

Causes

The most common causes of esophagitis are:

• A viral, bacterial or yeast infection
• Irritation caused by:
  • Acid reflux
  • Vomiting
  • Medication (e.g., anti-inflammatories)

Symptoms

Patients with esophagitis may experience one or several of the following symptoms:

• Difficulty swallowing
• Painful swallowing
• Burning sensation in the esophagus
• Acid regurgitation
• Cough or hoarse voice

Complications

Chronic inflammation may lead to severe narrowing or stricture of the esophagus, making it more difficult or impossible for patients to eat. Esophageal perforations may also occur, increasing the risk of cancer.

Treatment

The treatment for esophagitis depends on its cause.

• If dealing with infectious esophagitis, medications may be prescribed to help fight the infection.
• For esophagitis caused by irritation, the first step is taking medication that blocks acid production.
• If a medication is causing the irritation, ask your pharmacist if it can be replaced with a less irritating one.

If treatments remain ineffective, a mechanical dilation or a surgery may be suggested.

Other simple steps can help ease the discomfort caused by esophagitis. These include:

• Quit smoking
• Avoid irritating foods (alcohol, caffeine, chocolate or fatty foods)
• Try sleeping on your left side and raising the head of the bed by 15 cm
• Do not lie down after meals
• Maintain a healthy weight