Published on November 6, 2024 at 8:00 / Updated on November 19, 2024 at 8:01

The thyroid gland, located in the middle of the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism (the system that controls how the body uses and stores energy). Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.

The symptoms of hypothyroidism vary widely. Some individuals have no symptoms, while others do. They tend, however, to develop gradually and may include:

  • Significant fatigue
  • Increased sensitivity to cold
  • Deteriorating hair health (thinning or dry hair)
  • Dry skin
  • Disruption of the menstrual cycle, which may affect fertility
  • Unexplained weight gain
  • Constipation

These symptoms can be caused by a wide range of medical conditions, as well as age, often making hypothyroidism difficult to diagnose. This is why the only sure way to diagnose hypothyroidism is with a blood test.

Causes and triggers

Hypothyroidism is usually caused by a problem with the thyroid gland. Sometimes, certain medications and diseases can lead to hypothyroidism. It can also be caused by a failure of the pituitary gland (located in the brain) to secrete thyroid stimulating hormone.

Individuals most at risk for developing hypothyroidism include:

  • Women
  • Those who are older than 60 years of age
  • Those with a family history of hypothyroidism
  • Those who have received radiation to the neck or chest
  • Those who have had thyroid surgery or have received anti-thyroid treatments
  • Those who have been pregnant or delivered a baby within the past 6 months

Treatment

Treatment for hypothyroidism involves the daily use of thyroid hormone pills. In most cases, treatment is lifelong, since hypothyroidism is not usually something that can be cured. If treatment is interrupted, symptoms will gradually return.

If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to a variety of health issues such as obesity, infertility, joint pain and heart problems. It can also present a risk for pregnant women and their unborn child.

It is safe for women treated for hypothyroidism to try to become pregnant. Your healthcare provider will likely adjust your dose once pregnancy is confirmed, and reassess the dose after delivery.

When should I see a medical professional?

If you are treated for hypothyroidism, be sure to adhere to the blood test schedule established by your healthcare professional. Furthermore, seek prompt medical attention if you present any of the following symptoms:

  • Rapid heart rate or tremors
  • Irritability or unusual nervousness
  • Significant fatigue or low mood
  • Muscle pain or heightened sensitivity to cold

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