Infectious Cellulitis
It is important to differentiate infectious cellulitis from cellulite, a term often used to refer to the accumulation of fat under the skin. This sheet refers to the infection called "infectious cellulitis".
Bacteria and fungi are commonly found on the surface of the skin, which protects the body from infections. Cellulitis infection may develop when there is a break in the skin through which germs can enter the body and penetrate the underlying tissue. In most cases, bacteria are responsible for the infection.
Cellulitis occurs most often on a leg or an arm. Other parts of the body may also be involved such as the face, chest or abdomen, or any other part of the body.
Symptoms are generally limited to the infected site. During cellulitis, the affected area may become:
- Red
- Warm
- Swollen
- Painful
General symptoms are possible, but they are rarer and may indicate a more severe infection. Here are a few examples:
- Fever
- Chills
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
Causes and triggers
Certain individuals may have a greater risk of developing cellulitis (e.g., diabetics, weak immune system, circulation problems). However, it may occur without risk factors.
Several factors can promote a break in the skin's protective barrier, leaving it vulnerable to infectious agents. These may include:
- Cracks in the skin (which is often dry)
- Cuts
- Burns
- Bites
- Insect stings
- Surgical wounds
Treatment
Without treatment, cellulitis may progress rapidly. So, it is important to start an antibiotic as soon as possible. It may be given by mouth or by injection, according to the severity of the infection. Antibiotic creams or ointments are not effective for treating this type of infection.
Supportive treatments, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), may be used to relieve pain. Elevating the affected limb, such as the leg, may help reduce the swelling caused by the infection.
A few simple precautions can help prevent cellulitis from developing:
- Treat the underlying conditions that may be involved, such as eczema, athlete's foot, or a dental problem
- Wash the skin regularly with a gentle soap, especially if you cut or injure yourself, to prevent wounds from becoming infected
- Keep an eye on the progress of wounds
When should I see a medical professional?
See a health care professional immediately if you have any of the following symptoms:
- you develop symptoms that may indicate the presence of cellulitis;
- your cellulitis symptoms are getting worse after 48 hours of antibiotic treatment;
- your cellulitis symptoms do not improve after 72 hours of antibiotic treatment.
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