Poliomyelitis
Symptoms
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly contagious viral infection with a wide range of manifestations. Some patients are asymptomatic while others suffer from symptoms such as fever, headache or gastrointestinal problems. In more serious cases, severe muscle pain and stiffness of the back and neck, with or without paralysis can occur. The paralysis may be permanent.
Transmission
The poliovirus enters the body through the mouth or respiratory tract. It may be transmitted by direct contact with an infected person or through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. Following exposure to the virus, the incubation period is generally 7 to 14 days. The infection is most contagious during the 14 days before and after the onset of symptoms.
Prevention
In Canada, an inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine is part of the regular vaccination schedule of preschoolers. A single lifetime booster shot is recommended for adults previously immunized against polio and at increased risk of polio exposure (e.g., travellers in endemic areas).
Treatment
There is no treatment of the disease. We only treat the symptoms.