Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis is an intestinal infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. These bacteria live in the intestines of wild and domestic animals. The disease is spread through contaminated food such as beef and poultry, as well as eggs, unpasteurized milk, fruits and vegetables.
Causes
Salmonellosis most commonly occurs when we eat contaminated food that has not been cooked properly or has come into contact with the bacteria. Although more uncommon, the disease can be transmitted through the feces of pets like dogs or cats. Reptiles, such as lizards, turtles and iguanas very often carry the bacteria, and touching these animals can also cause illness. It's best not to have a reptile as a pet, especially in homes with young children.
Young children, seniors and those with weakened immune systems are more at risk of having serious symptoms from salmonellosis.
Symptoms
Salmonellosis symptoms start 6 to 72 hours after contamination has occurred:
- Abdominal cramps and pain
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Blood in stool
In some cases, Salmonella infection may reach the blood stream and affect other body parts.
Treatment
Salmonellosis usually disappears on its own within 4 to 7 days after the symptoms start. To prevent dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, it is recommended to drink clear liquids, such as rehydration solutions (e.g., Pedialyte). Since the risk of dehydration is greater in young children and seniors, they should be closely monitored. In severe cases of dehydration, hospitalization may be required.
Antibiotic treatment may be required in cases where the infection has reached the bloodstream. Note that the bacteria can still be present in the stool even after the symptoms have gone away.
Prevention
Here are a few simple measures that can help prevent salmonellosis:
- Cook food thoroughly.
- Avoid drinking and eating raw or unpasteurized dairy products.
- Wash fruits and vegetables.
- Always refrigerate meat and avoid thawing at room temperature (it is better to thaw in the microwave, refrigerator or cold water).
- Do not use the same utensils when handling raw and cooked meat.
- Wash hands regularly with soap and water.