Xylazine
| Synonyms | The main synonyms are as follows:
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|---|---|
| Classification | Depressant:
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| Mechanism of action |
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| Routes of administration |
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Effects sought out by the user
Xylazine is used as a tranquilizer in animals, but it is not approved for human use. Most of the time, the person taking xylazine doesn't even know they're taking it. This drug is often combined with other drugs (e.g., fentanyl), as it is less expensive and sometimes more accessible. It can prolong the effect of other depressants or reduce the adverse effects associated with stimulant drugs.
When taken alone, xylazine may cause the following effects:
- Euphoria (feeling of well-being)
- Pain relief
- Muscle relaxation
- Reduced level of consciousness
Common adverse effects
Prolonged use of xylazine may cause sores (e.g., ulcers or abscesses) to appear in various places on the body. This may occur no matter how the drug is administered. Xylazine can reduce the amount of blood reaching the skin, slowing wound healing and increasing the risk of infection.
Other adverse effects are possible:
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Increased blood sugar levels
- Blurred vision
- Confusion
- Difficulty speaking or articulating
Overdose effects
- Respiratory depression
- Reduced blood pressure
- Reduced heart rate
- Increased blood sugar levels
- Reduced body temperature
- Loss of consciousness
- Decreased pupil size
- Drowsiness
The effects of xylazine overdose are similar to those associated with opioids. When combined with depressants such as opioids, these effects can be amplified, posing a greater risk of overdose for the user.
Tolerance (need to increase the dose to feel the same effect)
Yes, possibly, but little data is available on this subject.
Addiction
Yes, chronic consumption can cause physical dependence.
Withdrawal
Yes. Possible symptoms include the following:
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Agitation
- Severe hypertension
- Dysphoria (feelings of unease, sadness, etc.)
Onset and duration of action
There is little available data on xylazine's effects on humans. Depending on the dose, route of administration, and drugs with which xylazine is combined, its effects may be felt within minutes and last 6 or 8 hours, or even longer.
Screening
Xylazine is rapidly eliminated from the body, so it can be difficult to detect using conventional screening methods. Specialized laboratories can perform analyses to identify the substance. Urine strips are also available to confirm the presence of this drug in urine, but false negatives are possible.
Intoxication management
- No antidote is available.
- Treatment is mainly symptomatic.
Symptoms of xylazine intoxication are similar to those associated with opioids. Since xylazine is frequently combined with certain opioids, it is recommended to administer naloxone in the event of overdose symptoms. Naloxone is available in pharmacies. It likely does not reverse the effects of xylazine, but it does reverse the effects of opioids that may be associated with it.