Sexual dysfunction in women

Sexual dysfunctions in women include a range of distinct problems. These sexual concerns can be worrisome for some women. They become problematic when the symptoms occur repeatedly or persistently and have a psychological impact on the woman affected.

Sexual disorders in women are divided into several categories:

• Difficulty reaching orgasm (also known as anorgasmia)
• Low sexual desire (low libido)
• Reduced arousal during sexual activity
• Pain with sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) or with penetration (vaginismus)

Causes and triggers

The causes of sexual dysfunction in women are many. The most common ones are related to:

• Stress, anxiety
• Abuse during childhood or adolescence
• Relationship problems
• Depression
• Chronic diseases (arthritis, cancer, multiple sclerosis, endometriosis, etc.)
• Urinary tract, vaginal or sexually transmitted infections
• Medication
  • Several antidepressants
  • Certain medications used to treat high blood pressure
  • Certain medications reducing hormones level (e.g., cancer treatment)
  • Certain antipsychotics
• Pregnancy
• Menopause

Treatment

Before treating any sexual dysfunction, the underlying cause should be addressed whenever possible. The following treatments may be considered:

• Individual or couples psychotherapy (to better understand the source of the problem)
• Sex therapy
• Physiotherapy (to re-educate the pelvic muscles and alleviate the pain)
• Medication (e.g., hormone therapy if symptoms are related to menopause)
• Use of a vaginal lubricant or moisturizer (if pain is caused by vaginal dryness)

Adopting healthy lifestyle habits and maintaining overall wellness can help prevent certain sexual disorders in women:

• Limit alcohol consumption
• Avoid smoking
• Engage in activities that enhance well-being and stress management
  • Follow a healthy, balanced diet
  • Stay physically active
  • Maintain good sleep hygiene
• Practice proper hygiene to prevent urinary tract, vaginal and sexually transmitted infections
  • Use condoms during sexual intercourse
  • Avoid applying scented products to the genital area
  • Urinate after sexual activity, etc.