Autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affect brain function, leading in particular to difficulties with communication, social interactions, and behaviour. They are not mental illnesses, but rather lifelong neurological disorders.
Causes
The causes of ASD are not yet clearly understood. Genetic factors appear to play a role. Certain environmental factors that may be involved are under investigation. However, it has been shown that vaccines are in no way linked to the development of autism.
Boys are 4 times more likely than girls to be autistic, and families with an autistic child have a higher risk of having another child with the condition. Premature birth and advanced parental age have also been associated with higher risk.
Symptoms
People with ASD may appear less comfortable in interactions with others, such as maintaining eye contact or smiling spontaneously. Other characteristics include:
- Atypical development of communication, social skills and behaviour
- Restricted interests and repetitive patterns
- Distress in response to small changes in routine
- Intense focus on specific things (e.g., objects that spin or shine)
- Hypersensitivity (noise, touch, light, etc.)
- Poor awareness of danger
In spite of all these similarities, symptoms and their intensity vary from a person to another.
Treatment
Children who benefit from early and personalized interventions have a greater likelihood of improving their communication skills. To achieve their full potential, intensive support and specialized educational programs are needed, such as :
- Behavioural therapy
- Speech therapy
- Occupational therapy
Caregivers and educators play a crucial role by providing a secure environment and preparing the individuals with ASD well before any changes in routine. Therapies and training programs for caregivers are also available to better equip them.
Finally, treatment may include medications that will not treat ASD, but other symptoms or conditions related to it.