Vasectomy: 5 Myths and Facts

A vasectomy is a method of contraception available to men. The development of this procedure represents progress in contraception, which for a long time was considered an exclusively female responsibility. Although contraceptive options for men remain limited, many would be willing to play a greater role in birth control. Because vasectomy is still not well known, here are some common myths and facts surrounding the procedure.

What is a vasectomy?

Performed under local anaesthesia, this procedure involves cutting the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra (the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body). The goal is to prevent sperm from entering the semen and, therefore, to avoid fertilization. Men may choose this form of contraception when they no longer wish to have children. In most clinics, vasectomy is covered by the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). This procedure is considered highly effective, with a success rate of over 99%.

Comparison with permanent female contraception

A vasectomy is relatively simple compared to permanent female contraception, which involves tubal ligation. Vasectomy is less invasive, recovery time is shorter, and the effectiveness of both procedures is very similar.

Myths or Facts?

“It will ruin my sex life and my erections.”

Fact: Vasectomy does not affect the nerves or blood vessels involved in erections. It has no negative impact on libido, as testosterone continues to be produced and released normally. Men can still feel desire, maintain an erection, and reach orgasm after a vasectomy, since testosterone production is not affected.

“My semen will disappear.”

Fact: The semen looks and feels the same after the procedure. The volume remains unchanged, and the only difference is the absence of sperm — which makes up only a very small portion of total semen volume.

“A vasectomy is extremely painful and recovery takes a long time.”

Fact: The procedure is quick — it only takes a few minutes — and is performed under local anaesthesia, which minimizes discomfort. Recovery is short if post-operative instructions are followed. Some activities should be avoided for about a week after the procedure: lifting heavy objects, long walks, jogging, or sports. It’s also recommended to refrain from sexual activity and ejaculation during this period. Applying ice regularly and taking pain relievers as needed can help. For additional options, consult your healthcare professional.

“It’s totally irreversible: once it’s done, there’s no going back.”

Fact: Although vasectomy should be considered a permanent choice, reversal techniques do exist. Surgery can restore fertility, but success is not guaranteed and the procedure is quite costly. Pregnancy rates after a vasectomy reversal vary from about 30% to over 90%. Several factors can influence success, such as the time elapsed between the vasectomy and reversal, the surgeon’s experience and training, and the couple’s fertility before the vasectomy.

“You don’t need to use other forms of contraception right after the procedure.”

Fact: Vasectomy effectiveness takes a few weeks to be confirmed, meaning men are not immediately sterile after the procedure. It’s necessary to continue using another form of contraception until a semen test confirms whether the vasectomy was successful. It’s also important to note that vasectomy does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.

What to consider before deciding on a vasectomy

Before undergoing a vasectomy, it’s important to think carefully about your family plans and discuss them with your partner. Make sure to get clear information about the procedure, including its advantages and disadvantages. The opinion of a medical specialist (urologist), your urological history, and your overall health should all be considered in your decision. Although vasectomy carries few risks, some rare complications may occur, such as infection, inflammation, or bleeding under the skin at the surgery site. If this happens, consult your healthcare professional.